Class 8th Science Chapter 1
๐พ Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management
1️⃣Important Liner Notes (Exam Booster)
๐ฑ Agriculture started around 10,000 B.C.E.
๐พ Same type of plants grown on a large scale = Crop
๐ง️ Kharif crops → June–September (Rainy Season)
❄️ Rabi crops → October–March (Winter Season)
๐ Loosening soil is called Tilling/Ploughing
๐ฟ Removal of unwanted plants = Weeding
๐ง Supply of water to crops = Irrigation
๐พ Cutting mature crop = Harvesting
๐ฌ️ Separation of grain & chaff = Threshing
๐ Safe keeping of grains = Storage
๐ Rearing animals for food = Animal Husbandry
๐ Important Dates
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Beginning of Agriculture | 10,000 B.C.E. |
| Kharif Season | June – September |
| Rabi Season | October – March |
๐️ Important Keywords (Must Learn)
Agricultural Practices
Crop
Kharif
Rabi
Plough
Hoe
Cultivator
Seed Drill
Manure
Fertiliser
Irrigation
Weeds
Weedicide
Harvesting
Threshing
Winnowing
Storage
Silo
Granary
Animal Husbandry
๐ Important Definitions (1 Line)
1. Crop: Same kind of plants grown on large scale at one place.
2. Agricultural Practices: Activities done by farmers to grow crops.
3. Manure: Organic substance obtained from decomposition of plant/animal waste.
4. Fertilizer: Chemical substance rich in nutrients like NPK. (Sodium, Phosphorus, Potassium)
5. Irrigation: Artificial supply of water to crops.
6. Weeds: Unwanted plants growing with crops.
7. Harvesting: Cutting of mature crop.
8. Threshing: Separation of grains from chaff.
9. Storage: Safe keeping of grains from pests and moisture.
๐ง One Line Facts (Very Important)
๐พ Paddy (เคงाเคจ) needs more water, so it is grown in rainy season.
๐ฑ Earthworms are called farmer’s friends.
๐งช Excess fertilizers cause water pollution.
๐ฟ Rhizobium bacteria fix nitrogen in soil.
๐ง Drip irrigation saves maximum water.
๐ฅ Burning crop stubble causes pollution.
๐พ Combine machine does harvesting + threshing together.
๐ Crop Classification
๐ง️ Kharif Crops
Paddy, Maize, Cotton, Soyabean, Groundnut
❄️ Rabi Crops
Wheat, Gram, Pea, Mustard, Linseed
๐ ️ Agricultural Implements
| Tool | Use |
|---|---|
| Plough | Loosening soil |
| Hoe | Removing weeds |
| Cultivator | Tractor ploughing |
| Seed Drill | Sowing seeds |
| Sickle | Harvesting |
| Combine Machine | Harvesting + Threshing |
๐งช Manure vs Fertiliser (Exam Table)
| Fertiliser | Manure |
|---|---|
| Chemical | Natural |
| Factory made | Made in fields |
| No humus | Adds humus(เคจเคฎी) |
| Rich in nutrients | Less nutrients |
๐ง Irrigation Methods
Traditional Methods
Moat
Chain Pump
Dhekli
Rahat
Modern Methods
Sprinkler System
Drip System (Best for saving water)
๐บ️ Maps & Location (India Based)
๐ง️ Kharif crops → High rainfall areas (Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Assam)
❄️ Rabi crops → Cooler regions (Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh)
๐ Fish eating common in → Coastal Areas of India
๐ข Important Flow Chart (Sugarcane Production)
Preparation of Soil
⬇
Ploughing
⬇
Manuring
⬇
Sowing
⬇
Irrigation
⬇
Harvesting
⬇
Sending to Sugar Factory
๐ Repeated Board Questions with Solutions
Q1. What is irrigation? Name two modern methods.
Answer:
Irrigation is artificial supply of water to crops.
Two methods: Sprinkler system & Drip system.
Q2. Why is ploughing important?
Answer:
It loosens soil, allows roots to breathe, and brings nutrients to surface.
Q3. Difference between manure and fertiliser.
Answer:
Manure is natural & improves soil texture.
Fertiliser is chemical & rich in nutrients.
Q4. What are weeds? How to control?
Answer:
Unwanted plants are weeds.
Controlled by weeding manually or spraying 2,4-D weedicide.
Q5. Why grains are dried before storage?
Answer:
To remove moisture and prevent fungal & insect attack.
Q6. Why crop rotation is important?
Answer:
It replenishes soil nutrients and maintains fertility.
๐ Important Formula / Rule
๐ฑ Crop Production Steps Rule (7 Steps):
Preparation of soil
Sowing
Adding manure & fertilisers
Irrigation
Weeding
Harvesting
Storage
๐ Harvest Festivals (Important for MCQs)
Pongal
Baisakhi
Holi
Diwali
Nabanya
Bihu
๐ Food from Animals
Milk → Cow, Buffalo, Goat
Egg → Hen
Meat → Goat, Chicken
Fish → Rich in Vitamin D
⚠️ Very Important Exam Points
✔️ Earthworms improve soil aeration
✔️ Excess fertilisers reduce soil fertility
✔️ Drip irrigation is water-saving method
✔️ Paddy requires large amount of water
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